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Cornelius (or Cornelio) Gemma (28 February 1535 – 12 October 1578)〔In his Latin biography, Melchior Adam says that Gemma died on October 12, 1579, at the age of 45; modern scholars, however, almost uniformly cite 1578 as the year of his death.〕 was a physician, astronomer and astrologer, and the oldest son of cartographer and instrument-maker Gemma Frisius. He was a professor of medicine at Catholic University of Leuven, and shared in his father's efforts to restore ancient Ptolemaic practice to astrology, drawing on the ''Tetrabiblos''. As an astronomer, Gemma is significant for his observations of a lunar eclipse in 1569 and of the 1572 supernova appearing in Cassiopeia, which he recorded on 9 November, two days before Tycho Brahe, calling it a "New Venus."〔University of Otago Library exhibition note for ''The Earth & Beyond'' (online ); and R.H. Allen, ''Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning'', Bill Thayer's edition at LacusCurtius, ("Cassiopeia." ) The star is now identified as SN 1572.〕 With Brahe, he was one of the few astronomers to identify the Great Comet of 1577 as superlunary. Gemma is also credited with publishing the first scientific illustration of the aurora, in his 1575 book on the supernova.〔University of Oklahoma Libraries, History of Science Collections, Recent Acquisitions, "The First Book Printed on Tycho Brahe's Printing Press at Uraniborg: ''Diarium'', 1586," ''The Lynx'' 2 (November 2005), p. 9 (online ) with Gemma's illustration.〕 Another milestone appears in his medical writings: in 1552, Gemma published the first illustration of a human tapeworm.〔University of Würzburg, Parasitology Research & Encyclopedic Reference of Parasitology (online. )〕 Gemma's two major works, ''De arte cyclognomica'' (Antwerp, 1569) and ''De naturae divinis characterismis'' (Antwerp, 1575), have been called "true 'hidden gems' in early modern intellectual history," bringing together such topics as medicine, astronomy, astrology, teratology, divination, eschatology, and encyclopaedism.〔''Cornelius Gemma: Cosmology, Medicine and Natural Philosophy in Renaissance Louvain'' conference proceedings (website. )〕 Gemma also has the distinction of being called "the first true orchid hobbyist, in the modern sense."〔Pierre Jacquet, "History of Orchids in Europe, from Antiquity to the 17th Century," 'Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives'' 6 (1994), as cited by Joseph Arditti, ''Orchid Biology'' (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002), p. 27 (online. )〕 ==Life== Cornelius Gemma was born and died in Leuven, but attended Latin school in Mechelen. He began studying with the arts faculty at Leuven at the age of 15, and continued at the medical faculty. In 1569, he succeeded professor Nicolas Biesius and obtained a doctorate in 1570. Gemma died around 1578 in an epidemic of the plague, to which a third of the population at Leuven also succumbed.〔Steven Vanden Broecke, ''The Limits of Influence: Pico, Louvain, and the Crisis of Renaissance Astrology'' (Brill, 2003), p. 186.〕 Although he had already proven to be a prolific writer, he was only in his mid-forties. His epitaph consists of two elegiac couplets in Latin, punning on ''lapis'' ("stone, precious stone, tombstone") and ''Gemma'' ("precious stone, gem"). He was survived by two sons: Raphael, who entered the priesthood, and Philip, who followed family tradition as a medical doctor.〔Melchior Adam, "Cornelius Gemma" in ''Vitae Germanorum medicorum'' (1620), p. 239 (online facsimile. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cornelius Gemma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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